The history of Japanese and Ainu relations is a sad story. In the 1600s and 1700s, the Ainu regularly traded with the Japanese. However, the relationship changed under the Tokugawa Shogunate, which was the military government that was established by Tokugawa Ieyasu. After most of Japan’s other islands were brought under the Shogun’s control, the government turned its attention to Hokkaido. At that time, most Ainu were forced into labor to serve the Japanese.
日本人与爱奴人关系的历史是一段悲伤的故事。在十七、十八世纪，爱奴人定期会与日本人进行贸易。然而，在德川家康建立的军政府德川幕府时期，这种关系发生了变化。在日本其他大部分岛屿被幕府将军控制之后，该政府将注意力转向了北海道。当时，大多数的爱奴人都被迫以劳力服侍日本人。
生活必备字词：
relation n.（指种族、国家、组织、公司等之间的正式）关系
relationship n.（尤指人或团体之间的）关系
trade with... 和……交易
be forced into... 被迫（做∕接受）……
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本文节录自《常春藤生活英语》杂志，完整内容请见八月号。
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