Over thousands of years, different cultures used different ingredients for their tooth powders and pastes, such as crushed tree bark, oyster shells, chalk, and charcoal. Charcoal is still a common ingredient for particular brands of toothpaste today. Starting from the 1800s, tooth powders were gradually replaced by the kind of toothpaste that we are familiar with. Early toothpaste included soap or chalk. Colgate, one of the most popular brands today, first sold toothpaste in jars in 1873.
数千年来，不同文化使用不同的成分制作其牙粉跟牙膏，例如压碎的树皮、牡蛎壳、白垩和木炭。木炭依旧是现今特定牙膏品牌的常见成分。从 1800 年代起，牙粉逐渐被我们熟悉的那种牙膏所取代。早期的牙膏包含了肥皂或白垩。现今最受欢迎的品牌之一高露洁，在 1873 年首次贩售罐装牙膏。
生活必备字词：
such as... 例如∕诸如……
replace vt. 取代
be replaced by... 被……取代
jar n. 罐子
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本文节录自《常春藤生活英语》杂志，完整内容请见九月号。
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